Analog to digital Converter

•Sebagian besar sinyal di alam ini adalah berbentuk sinyal kontinu (analog), misal : sinyal suara, sinyal seismik, sinyal radar, sinyal sonar, sinyal komunikasi audio dan video, dll

•Untuk memproses sinyal analog dengan peralatan digital , maka perlu mengkonversikan ke dalam bentuk digital è konversi analog ke digital (ADC)

•Ada 3 langkah konversi ADC spt pada gambar II.1:

1. Pencuplikan : konversi suatu sinyal fungsi waktu- kontinu            menjadi suatu sinyal fungsi waktu –diskrit.        

             

 Contoh : memutus-sambung tegangan listrik dengan saklar seperti gambar II.1, sinyal analog akan terpotong-potong menjadi sinyal digital ATAU teori pencuplikan

2. Kuantisasi : konversi sinyal yang bernilai-kontinu fungsi             waktu diskrit menjadi sinyal bernilai-diskrit (digital             1 atau 0) fungsi waktu diskrit

3. Pengkodean : dalam proses pengkodean, setiap nilai diskrit                terkuantisasi  xq (n) dikodekan dengan suatu                barisan biner  (10100 . . .)

computer

A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.

Although mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).^[1] Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space.^[2] Simple computers are small enough to fit into small pocket devices, and can be powered by a small battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "computers". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore computers ranging from a netbook to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.